As part of the second wave of interviews, the Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria Interview (Endicott et al. 1978) was utilized to assess parental psychopathology, including depression, anxiety, alcohol and drug problems, and antisocial characteristics (father's only) when the participant was a child. For each parent, participants were asked a stem question, for example, `Did your mother ever have drinking problems lasting >1 month?'. All parental psychopathology variables, except parental depression and father antisocial characteristics, included one stem question and six follow-up questions (parental depression included one stem question and 11 follow-up questions, and father antisocial characteristics did not include a stem question). Parental psychopathological variables were coded based on the quality of the information from 1 (high quality) to 4 (poor quality), based on how the participant acquired the information (his own experience versus hearing it from someone else). Variables of poor quality (n=129) were recoded as missing to increase overall accuracy. Each parental psychopathology variable was coded into a dichotomous yes/no variable based on answering yes to the stem question and endorsing one or more follow-up questions for
