The metabolic risk factors have increased in both rank and in the absolute number of DALYs between 1990 and 2016 for both men and women. High blood pressure was the fourth-leading risk factor for both men and women in 1990 and had risen to be the second leading risk factor for men and the leading risk factor for women by 2016. In terms of the number of DALYs, men showed an increase of 16·2% (13·1–19·4) since 2006, while for women the increase was less steep at 7·7% (4·5–11·7). In terms of the median change in age-standardised DALY rates since 2006, both sexes showed a decline, 10·5% (8·2–12·7) for men and 16·8% (13·7–19·3) for women. Other leading metabolic risk factors, including high BMI, high FPG, and high total cholesterol, exhibited similar trends to high blood pressure over this time period. All four of these metabolic risk factors are within the leading ten risk factors globally for men and women in 2016.
