The ultimate goal of genomic discovery-based approaches is to identify and characterize the biological function of gene networks that are causal to the disorder rather than individual gene functions (Mamdani et al., 2015; Ponomarev et al., 2012; Repunte-Canonigo et al., 2015; Zhou et al., 2014). In support of this hypothesis a recent study found that functional brain networks measured with resting-state fMRI are directly linked to correlated gene expression in post mortem human brain, suggesting that the emergent properties of gene networks endow function to neurocircuits (Richiardi et al., 2015). Although we largely discussed potential functions of candidate genes in isolation, it is almost certain that there exists an unknown biological connection between genes that function as a network that is yet to be discovered (Morozova et al., 2012; Spanagel et al., 2013; Wolen and Miles, 2012). However, our heuristic framework, parsing genes into an addiction cycle domain, is one way that begins to hint at gene network connectivity and function (see Fig. 1). Big data generating efforts, especially in genomics and the NIH Big Data to Knowledge (BD2K) program,
