Nevertheless the conclusion is straightforward: candidate gene studies provide little convincing support for the involvement of any candidate gene in MD. This point should be born in mind by all those wishing to use association data to support a particular explanation of the biological causes of depression. Neuroscientists sometimes claim that genetic results can be interpreted as evidence in favor of their particular theory (Duman et al., 1997, Holsboer, 2000, Luscher et al., 2011, Samuels and Hen, 2011). Any such claims should be treated with extreme caution.