consequences of altered gene function and (ii) the genetic pathways and gene networks that function in concert with the originally identified human AUD gene. An understanding of these 2 aspects of gene function in iMOs might ultimately provide a more comprehensive appreciation of molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying human AUD. Consequently, the integration of information from behavioral–genetic studies on alcohol in iMOs with genetic findings from humans has the potential to lead to a much deeper understanding of AUD, its diagnosis, and its treatment.