Participants were assessed by trained raters via self-reported semi-structured interviews of drug and/or alcohol use when hospitalized and at each follow-up assessment post-hospitalization. Patients were asked to self-report their use of 10 types of illicit drugs (e.g. cannabis, heroin, cocaine, PCP, stimulants, opiates, psychedelics, inhalants, sedatives, other) and alcohol, and indicated (“Yes” = use; “No’ = no use) whether they had used the substance during the period assessed. Participants were rated as using if they admitted to any use (i.e. at least one time) for the period assessed.
