Additional SNPs were imputed using IMPUTE2 (Howie et al., 2009) and 1000 Genome phase 3 (Auton et al., 2015) Asian reference panels (504 EAS and 489 SAS). GSA and MEGA samples were imputed separately. After imputation, 11,314,818 SNPs in GSA and 11,351,136 SNPs in MEGA were obtained. SNPs with imputation accuracy score ≥ 0.8, MAF ≥ 0.05 and HWE p > 10−6 were retained for association analyses. 4,683,137 SNPs in GSA and 5,477,977 SNPs in MEGA were analyzed.
