Many interview participants also stated that traditional incentive and reward systems that recognize and reward individual research and discipline-based contributions, to the exclusion of TD research and team collaboration, were important challenges to TD team science. Participants described a lack of systems for crossdepartmental and cross-school collaboration at their institutions, as well as attitudes and incentives encouraging faculty to work within their own departments/disciplines. Interview participants at various career stages expressed particular concern that traditional promotion and tenure policies that emphasize individual research and discipline-based contributions, and offer little or no guidance related to recognition for team collaboration or TD research, could deter junior scientists from engaging in TD team science during the formative early years in their careers.
