Our concerns about the reliability of the anti-MOPR antibodies, several of which are commercially available, are not unique. A number of reports from different groups suggest that even with good choices of peptide epitopes as antigens, it is fortuitous if one obtains good antibodies for immunoblotting and/or immunohistochemisty of 7TMRs/GPCRs. In addition, receptor antibodies should be validated carefully with multiple techniques, such as knock-out animals, other than using blocking peptides solely [see [50] for review].