The present results find a two-fold increase in risk for ADHD associated with being the offspring from a mutliplex AD family. Our results are consistent with other prospective longitudinal studies that find ADHD often precedes young adult SUD (Mannuzza et al., 1993; Elkins et al 2007; Biederman et al., 2008). Importantly, the presence of ADHD is associated with an increased likelihood of subsequent development of SUD (OR= 4.44). The present report also finds that ADHD is a significant predictor of SUD even among the all female offspring sample. Our finding is in accord with a previous report showing an odds ratio of 4.0 at 5 year follow up for girls with ADHD and later development of substance dependence (Beiderman et al 2006). Also, ADHD is a significant prospective predictor of SUD even after taking into account a diagnosis of Conduct Disorder (Elkins et al 2007).
