not include among our covariates. As with all measures that ask the participant to self-report past negative experiences, especially trauma, there is the potential of recall bias among our sample. We also did not assess whether the parent with AUD was the custodial parent during the offspring’s childhood, which may have affected the environment in which the subject was reared. Income information was derived from the subject’s most recent interview, which spanned over a decade; this could have introduced the possibility of income discrepancy over time given that an annual income of $35,000 might mean something very different in 2008 than in 2018. The heterogeneity of the 8% of race/ethnic groups not identified as Black or White in our sample meant that numbers for many other racial groups were too small to permit multivariable analysis, but also limits the generalizability of our findings to diverse populations. It must also be acknowledged that COGA is comprised of a majority of high-risk families, specifically recruited for the study due to familial history of AUD and/or other disorders, and thus our findings may not be generalizable to other populations.
