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Chunk #6 — SEX DIFFERENCES — Sex differences in developmental trajectories

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Using the tools of genetic epidemiology to understand sex differences in neuropsychiatric disorders.
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internalizing disorders) tends to be similar in boys and girls prior to adolescence, but the sex ratio diverges at adolescence with females having higher rates throughout adulthood. 15 Bulimic symptoms also differ between boys and girls across development. Prospective research that shows an increase in symptoms in girls between ages 14 and 16, but a decrease among boys across the same period. The severity of bulimic symptoms is greater for girls across all ages. 16 Symptoms of ADHD also change throughout development, especially for males, who tend to exhibit more hyperactivity and impulsivity in childhood. During adolescence, the level of hyperactivity‐impulsivity in boys declines to the same level as girls, whereas inattentive symptoms are similar in males and females and steady across development. 17 Sex differences in onset and course of disorders of mid and late life have been extensively documented for several neurologic conditions, such as migraine and Alzheimer's disease, in which both the risk factors and manifestations are divergent in males and females. 18 For mental disorders, the course of schizophrenia tends to be less severe in women than in men, 3 and males appear to have more negative consequences of mood disorders, particularly bipolar disorder, including suicide,