the respective PI3K and MAPK inhibitors LY294002 and PD0325901 on cellular metabolism, cells were incubated overnight (12 h) in the presence of 10 μM LY294002 or 1 μM PD0325901. The next day, before analysis, culture media was replaced and analysis of OCR and ECAR was performed as described above. Each condition was done in four technical replicates with a minimum of four biological replicates (n⩾16).