Grossman and Markowitz (2001) explored the effects of variations in alcoholic beverage prices among States on violence on college campuses. The study used data from the 1989, 1990, and 1991 Core Alcohol and Drug Surveys of College Students, which include almost 120,000 college students from approximately 200 colleges and universities throughout the United States and contain measures of alcohol use and its adverse consequences. These adverse consequences include four indicators of violence, as follows:
