We analyzed participants from the Genetic Epidemiology Research in Adult Health and Aging (GERA) cohort which includes 110 266 adult men and women members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Plan, Northern California Region (KPNC) and has been described in detail (dbGAP at http://ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gap (Study Accession: phs000674.v2.p2)).31, 32 In this study, we focused on subjects who were at least 21 years of age at time of the survey, were of non-Hispanic white, Hispanic/Latino, Asian, or African American race/ethnicity, and provided self-reported information regarding their alcohol consumption during the past year (N=86 627) (Table 1). All study procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Kaiser Foundation Research Institute.
