and acting in opposition to social norms rather than people. The correlation between the two behaviors in childhood and in adolescence is high (r ∼ 0.7), reflecting strong but far from perfect overlap (Achenbach & Rescorla, 2003). The externalizing construct is itself a dimensional translation of much of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) symptomatology, and studies have used both ASPD and SUD symptom measures or diagnoses in combination as an index of the risk phenotype (Kendler, Prescott, Myers, & Neale, 2003; Krueger et al., 2002). At the same time, if difficulty in control of behavior is the critical feature, then the construct descriptor probably should be behavioral undercontrol or behavioral disinhibition.
