These assays were performed as described previously5. Lymphocytes purified from the spleen using Lympholyte M (Cederlane) were stimulated with LPS (L4391, Sigma) at a final concentration of 40 μg ml−1. Cells (4 × 105) were then plated with acetaldehyde in one well of a 24-well plate. After seven days, viable cells were counted using trypan blue exclusion from 100 images on a Vi-Cell XR cell viability counter (Beckman Coulter). Each data point represents the mean of three independent experiments each carried out in quadruplicate.
