There is evidence that humans have used Cannabis sativa since ancient times for recreational and/or medicinal purposes [1]. Although it is still considered illicit by many, multiple countries around the world are softening their position by legalizing the use of these plants or their extracts for medicinal and recreational use. Historically, the identification and isolation of the main psychoactive ingredient of cannabis, Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) [2] led to the discovery of cannabinoid receptors and, subsequently, led to the identification of endogenous cannabinoids (eCBs), their synthesis, regulation, and the revelation that a complete endogenous endocannabinoid system (ECS) exists, as will be described. Medicinal usage was incorporated for a variety of ailments, ranging from appetite stimulation, insomnia, pain, vomiting, nausea and for other conditions such as cancer, post-traumatic stress disorder, anxiety and depression, to cite a few.
