are that the smoking-related phenotypes are highly inter-related, the male smokers constitute the predominant fraction of all smokers in the total sample, and the three genetic models cannot be treated as totally independent. Therefore, given that the variants in CHRNA5/A3/B4 have been associated with smoking behavior in various independent samples of European origin, the correction employed was a balanced decision between the application of a relatively stringent Bonferroni correction and a precaution in guarding against an over-correction that could result in unintended losses of power and valuable information [61], [62].
