The sample included 6,532 subjects (86.6% of the total) with one or more SUDs and 1,011 (13.4% of the total) control subjects from the case-control studies. Participants’ mean age was 39.9 (SD = 11.2) years; 55% were men; 44% were black, 40% were white, 8% were Hispanic, and 8% were of other races/ethnicities. They reported a median of 12 years of education. Because analyses conducted separately by race/ethnicity and sex yielded results that were very similar in all respects to those for the whole sample, we present data only for the entire sample. In addition, analyses limited to individuals with an SUD yielded findings that were similar to those for the full sample, so data from only the full sample are presented in this manuscript.
