Summary statistics from four large-scale GWAS were downloaded: (i) Psychiatric Genomics Consortium analysis of DSM-IV alcohol dependence [9] (PGC, n = 52,848, EU and AA ancestries); (ii) GWAS and Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine Use (GSCAN, n = 941,280, EU ancestry) analysis of drinks per week (DrnkWk) [40]; (iii) Million Veteran Program (MVP, n = 274,424, multiple ancestries including EU and AA) analysis of AUD diagnosis based on International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision (ICD-10) [41]; and iv) UK Biobank (UKB, n = 112,117, EU ancestry) analysis of AUDIT-P (Problems) scores [42].
