In this study, we included 11,484 participants from two Finnish population cohorts, the METabolic Syndrome in Men (METSIM, n=10,197)52,53 and the Young Finns Study (YFS, n=1,414)22,23. 1,400 randomly selected individuals from the 10,197 METSIM participants underwent a subcutaneous abdominal adipose biopsy of which 600 RNA samples were analyzed using RNA-seq (Supplementary Note). Traits BMI, TG, WHR, and INS were inverse rank transformed and adjusted for age and age-square. INS was additionally adjusted for T1D and T2D. 1,414 individuals (638 men with a median age of 43 years and 776 women with a median age of 43) with gene expression, phenotype, and genotype data available were included in the blood expression analysis. Traits height, BMI, TG, TC, HDL, and LDL were inverse rank transformed and adjusted for age, age-square, and sex. TC was also adjusted for Statin intake. The biochemical lipid, glucose, and other clinical and metabolic measurements of METSIM and YFS were performed as described previously22,52,54. Complete details on the pipeline and quality control procedures can be found in Supplementary Note.
