the FCU is voluntary and involves consistent participation over time, the profile of parents who engaged makes sense. However, the longitudinal pattern of nonengagers is similar to that found in previous studies (e.g., Connell, Dishion, Yasui, & Kavanagh, 2007; Stormshak et al., 2010); that is, children of caregivers who chose not to engage in the FCU tended to show less growth in problem behavior over time. These findings suggest some accuracy in the parents’ sense of parenting efficacy and need for services. Further research on engagement in intervention service could clarify the dynamics of self-selection.
