The Prospective Study is a part of the COGA study launched in 2004 with the goal to examine how genetic risk unfolds across development and in conjunction with the environment. Offspring who were aged between 12 and 22 and had at least one parent who had previously completed an interview were recruited (Bucholz et al., 2017). Participants completed an assessment at enrollment and were followed up biennially. For the purpose of the current study, we included assessments between ages 18 and 30 if 1) the participant indicated he/she ever had a drink of alcohol at the assessment, and 2) the participant completed the Alcohol Expectancy Questionnaire (AEQ) (Brown, Christiansen, & Goldman, 1987; Brown, Goldman, Inn, & Andersen, 1980) at the assessment. We focused on assessments between ages 18 and 30 because this is a developmental period during which risk for AD peaks and stabilizes. In addition, prevalence for AD was very low for ages younger than 18 and the sample sizes were too small for ages older than 30. These resulted in an analytic sample of 6,884 assessments from 2,556
