a greater response to angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor therapy in white compared to black patients with left ventricular dysfunction.133 In his detailed critique of this study, Kaufman134 notes that it has been highly cited as evidence for a differential response to therapy due to innate differences in physiology between blacks and whites. However, he shows that the analyses were flawed, violated basic principles of causal inference and provided no analysis of genetic variants. Accordingly, this paper does not provide support for the notion that genetic factors are responsible for racial differences in response to therapy.
