in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) [13]. Additionally, PPARδ agonists appear to be protective after cerebral ischemia; rats given infusions of L-165041 or GW501516 had significantly attenuated ischemic damage 24 h after MCAO [12]. The mechanisms underlying the protective effect of PPARδ, however, are unclear. Potential protective effects include (i) modulating oxidative stress and proinflammatory responses, (ii) maintaining matrix-cell adhesions, and (iii) promoting cell survival.
