Alcohol consumption is a common, complex trait, and heavy alcohol use increases the risk of alcohol use disorders (abuse and dependence).1–3 Drinking above the NIAAA-recommended maximum safe limits of no more than 14 drinks per week for men and 7 drinks per week for women is associated with an increased risk of alcohol-related harm.4–6 The harms from excessive alcohol consumption include a greater risk of a number of health conditions, including liver, cardiovascular, and infectious diseases, cancer, and neuropsychiatric disorders.7–16 Excessive alcohol consumption is also a preventable risk factor for many injuries and accidents.15–17 In total, excessive alcohol consumption contributes to nearly 3.3 million deaths per year worldwide (or 5.9% of all deaths), and 9.8% of all deaths in the United States.16, 18, 19
