Our association analyses of the temperaments produced a total of five p values meeting GW significant criteria. The hyperthymic temperament, generally characterized by exuberant, upbeat, over-energetic, and overconfident lifelong traits, produced three GW significant results on chromosomes 12 and 22 in the double minute 1 (MDM1) and fibulin 1 (FBLN1) genes, respectively. The irritable temperament also produced two GW significant results on chromosome 1 in an integrator subunit gene (INTS7) and the denticleless homolog gene (DTL). These neighboring genes both showed positive correlations with this temperament, which is characterized by a highly unstable mixture of dysthymic and hyperthymic traits and manifests itself in such behaviors as habitual complaining, overcritical attitudes, and angry outbursts (41).
