these co-occuring but separable processes operating in theta and delta frequency ranges may offer an important new way to look at traditional time-domain component measures based on typical condition averaged ERP data. The current findings support the view that common time-domain ERP measures (e.g., N2 and P3), contain a mixture of at least these two processes (which can vary independently from task to task), obscuring effects and complicating inferences if not disaggregated.