Covariates included gender and cumulative socioeconomic risk (SES-related risk). SES-related risk was defined as the sum of six socioeconomic risk indicators: family poverty as assessed using U.S. government criteria (an income-to-needs ratio ≤ 1.5), primary caregiver non-completion of high school or an equivalent, primary caregiver unemployment, single-parent family structure, family receipt of “Temporary Assistance for Needy Families”, and income rated by the primary caregiver as less than adequate to meet all needs. In addition, we also controlled for cell type where appropriate. Ficoll purified peripheral mononuclear cell DNA pellets of the sort used in the current investigation are comprised of several different cell types (CD4, CD8, CD14, CD19, CD56) (Reinius, et al., 2012), leading to potentially spurious associations if individual differences in predictors and outcomes are also associated with individual differences in mixture of cell types. To account for individual differences in cell types, we utilized the regression calibration approach utilized by Dogan et al., (2014) based upon the work of Houseman and colleagues (2012). This approach yielded four factors informative with regard to the relative distribution of (CD4+ T
