Taken together the results of our study suggest that a Type B/II cannabis dependence phenotype can be identified in this Indian population that it is in part heritable. Additionally, a genome-wide linkage analysis has identified regions of the genome that are linked to this cannabis dependence phenotype in this population. Some of the locations identified for the TypeB/II cannabis dependence subtype on chromosomes 14, 16 and 22 were previously found to be associated with drug/tobacco dependence and/or ASPD/CD, but not alcohol dependence, phenotypes in this Indian population. Additionally, all of the sites identified have some supportive data for substance dependence related phenotypes in published genome scans in other population samples. The results of this study should, however, be assessed in the light of several limitations. Our venue-based and respondent driven ascertainment strategies may not have yielded a sample representative of the Indian population assessed. Given the diversity of Native American populations, our findings may not generalize to other Native Americans. Our study consisted of a cross-sectional sample, which contained individuals who may not have yet passed through the age of
