to moderate the intercept and factor loading for an item. Using a conservative alpha level of .01 to account for multiple testing, we detected DIF by study for six items, DIF by age for eight items, DIF by gender for three items, and DIF by parental history of alcoholism for one item. In total, 11 of the 17 items displayed DIF (see P.J. Curran, J. McGinley, D.J. Bauer, A.M. Hussong, A. Burns, L. Chassin, K. Sher, R.A. Zucker, manuscript in preparation). We can now use this final measurement model to obtain scores for subsequent analysis.
