information (as required when the target sample and the LD reference panel are not the same); (iv) we simulated 3 causal SNPs per locus that jointly explain 0.5% of trait variance, compared with 10 causal SNPs that jointly explain 0.05% of trait variance in our main simulations, to obtain sufficient power despite having a smaller sample size; and (v) in some experiments we used a subset of SNPs for generating causal SNPs or for fine-mapping analysis. We provide technical details of these simulations in the Supplementary Note.
