This study extends previous work demonstrating that trauma is associated with risk for PTSD and alcohol dependence, as well as associations between FHD and the risk for alcohol dependence (Breslau et al., 2013; Giaconia et al., 1995; Knopik et al., 2004; Pandey et al., 2020), by examining these important risk factors together with measures of executive functioning in an integrated model. Findings from this study demonstrate that the association between trauma, specifically sexual assaultive trauma, and PTSD is moderated by FHD, such that increasing FHD increased the association with PTSD in female participants with sexual assaultive trauma, but not nonsexual assaultive or nonassaultive trauma. While nonsexual assaultive and nonassaultive traumatic exposures were both positively associated with PTSD symptom counts in male and female participants separately as well as in the combined sample, the effect sizes were smaller than sexual assaultive trauma. This may suggest that although nonsexual assaultive and nonassaultive traumatic exposures have an effect on future symptoms of PTSD, sexual assaultive trauma may affect women to a greater extent than other forms of trauma. Many studies typically combine nonsexual
