the Human Heredity and Health in Africa (H3Africa) Initiative (https://h3africa.org/) and the African Mental Health Research Initiative (https://amari-africa.org) are underway. Key methodological considerations for GWAS in ancestrally diverse populations have been recently discussed, including the choice between performing a meta-analysis stratified by ethnic groups and performing a joint mixed-model across all participants [23]. Novel methods for ‘polyethnic’ scores, like XP-BLUP and Multi-ethnic PRS, which improve predictive accuracy by combining transethnic with ethnic-specific information, are being developed [30–32].
