The DSM-IV-TR psychiatric disorders diagnoses included psychotic disorders, mood disorders, anxiety disorders, somatoform disorders, and eating disorders. Each psychiatric disorder was then classified as independent psychiatric disorder or substance-induced psychiatric disorder. In the DSM-IV, the term “independent” or “primary” is used to indicate mental disorders that are not substance-induced and that are not due to general medical conditions. The DSM-IV-TR differentiates independent and substance-induced psychotic disorders using the following guidelines. A diagnosis of independent psychosis should be not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse or a medication) or of a general medical condition. For a substance-induced-psychotic diagnosis, the following criteria must be met: the symptoms [1] are etiologically related to the substance use; [2] do not precede the onset of the substance abuse or dependence; [3] persist for less than a substantial period of time (e.g., about a month) after the cessation of acute withdrawal or severe intoxication; [5] are not substantially in excess of what would be expected given the type or amount of the substance used or the duration of
