et al., 2005b). Possible reasons for these inconsistent and/or subgroup specific findings may include the following: (i) the studies may differ methodologically (in terms of sample characteristics, task paradigms, ERP recording and signal processing, statistical techniques, etc.); (ii) definition of “risk” may differ across studies; and (iii) P3 reduction may in fact be a function of age, gender, and task paradigms and may be moderated by several confounding (or unmeasured) factors such as personality traits, situational/familial/sociocultural factors, and other variations due to genetic and epigenetic factors.
