NSAIDs are common prescription and over-the-counter (OTC) medications used for pain. Ibuprofen, metabolized by CYP2C9, does not show any significant pharmacokinetic interactions with ethanol (290). Aspirin, however, inhibits ADH activity, resulting in higher BACs, exacerbating mucosal damage (291). Despite the variability in PK interactions, NSAIDs and alcohol both impair gastric mucosal integrity. As little as one drink per day has been shown to raise the risk of GI bleeding by 37% among NSAID users (292).
