Most recently, with the advent of molecular genetics techniques allowing for direct measurement of DNA variation, we have seen an explosion of studies attempting to associate psychophysiological characteristics with polymorphic variants of various “candidate” genes that presumably play a role in specific aspects of the central nervous system functioning. Although the increasing availability and affordability of genotyping data offers new and exciting opportunities for genetic psychophysiology research, findings from association studies based on small samples are very prone to false-positive findings and should therefore be interpreted with great caution (this issue is addressed in greater detail below).
