Participants rated craving by responding on a scale of 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree) to two sentences from the Questionnaire of Smoking Urges – Brief scale: “I have an urge for a cigarette” and “All I want right now is a cigarette” (Cox, Tiffany, & Christen, 2001; Toll, Katulak, & McKee, 2006). Factor loading for these two items from the item selection sample were 0.91 and 0.91 respectively. Ratings were summed to form the Craving scale.