more deaths from all causes compared to low neuroticism, controlling age, sex, race-ethnicity, education, medical conditions, and initial health (Wilson et al., 2005). In addition, a 5-year longitudinal study of 800 elderly female and male clergy found that participants with high neuroticism scores had nearly double the death rate as those with low neuroticism scores (Wilson, Leon, Bienias, Evans, & Bennett, 2004). In contrast, higher neuroticism did not predict mortality in a longitudinal study of 65- to 100-year-old participants in frail health (Weiss & Costa, 2005).
