brain of autistic subjects. Studies by Fatemi et al. [37, 38] link the migration and lamination defects to a striking reduction of reelin (by 40%) and Bcl-2 (by 34–51%) in the brains of autistic subjects. Our studies along with others’ suggest that in the majority of autistic subjects, heterotopias and dysplastic changes are the local sign of general developmental defects of migration with a broad spectrum of topographic, morphological, and functional outcomes.
