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Chunk #22 — Psychological causes

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A short review on the aetiology and pathophysiology of alcoholism.
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Personality has also attracted interest in relation to its contribution to the development of alcoholism, despite the fact that the theory of a distinct type of personality that leads to alcohol dependency has been rejected. Idiosyncrasy and personality traits have been intensively studied in order to investigate their association with vulnerability for alcohol dependence [30,31]. Previous studies concluded that some traits such as low self-esteem had a positive relation to alcoholism. Recent studies comparing boys with an alcoholic parent and boys with a non-alcoholic parent found no differences with regards to personality traits such as innovation seeking, damage avoidance and reward dependence [32]. Behavioural double inhibition is regarded as weakness or lack of desire for a person to inhibit these drives. Antisocial behaviour is considered not only to be related more than any other behavioural disorder to alcohol dependence, but it also may predict it. In this complicated relationship, genetic and environmental factors also make a contribution. According to theories alcohol abuse can be considered as a habit acquired through three basic procedures: