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Chunk #21 — DISCUSSION

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Genome-wide association study of nicotine dependence in American populations: identification of novel risk loci in both African-Americans and European-Americans.
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We identified three GWS regions in AAs, perhaps the most interesting and compelling of which was the span on chromosome 14 delimited by the C14ORF28 and FANCM (Fanconi anemia, complementation group M) loci. The regional Manhattan plot shows an extensive region characterized by numerous GWS association findings, including KLHL28 (kelch-like family member 28), FAM179B (family with sequence similarity 179, member B), SNORD127 (small nucleolar RNA, C/D box 127), PRPF39 (PRP39 pre-mRNA processing factor 39 homolog [S. cerevisiae]), and FKBP3 (FK506 binding protein 3, 25kDa). This is suggestive of more than one risk locus. Of these, the most immediately appealing candidate is C14ORF28, which encodes a protein that, although of unknown function, interacts with D1 dopamine receptors and is differentially expressed in both bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, compared with control subjects (30). We also observed an association with SNPs mapped to an intergenic region on chromosome 8 and at DLC1 at a different chromosome 8 region.