120 to 600 students, varying slightly by assessment wave. All students enrolled at any time during their school’s 3-year participation were eligible to participate. All schools were exposed to the school-wide Positive Behavioral Intervention and Support program (PBIS; Horner et al., 2009; Sugai & Horner, 2006). Schools received stipends of $750-$2,000 per year of participation, depending on school size and willingness to commit to additional data collection beyond the project standard.
