about death or suicide’) to be compliant with the Duke University IRB (α = 0.899 for anhedonia subscale). The GDD subscale includes 12 items (α = 0.930 for GDD subscale) reflecting negative affect that occur in both depression and anxiety disorders (Watson et al. 1995). The substance use subscale of brief-COPE is comprised of two items (‘I've been using alcohol or other drugs to make myself feel better’ and ‘I've been using alcohol or other drugs to help me get through it’; α = 0.920) that assess how frequently an individual uses drugs or alcohol as a coping mechanism; it is predictive of problematic alcohol use in trauma survivors (Ullman et al. 2005, 2006). The AUDIT is a 10-item scale developed by the WHO to screen for hazardous or dependent alcohol use patterns by assessing the frequency and nature of consumption. While the AUDIT was originally developed to screen for alcohol use problems and high-risk drinking in primary-care settings, evidence suggests that it is a valid assessment for college student populations as well (Kokotailo et al. 2004) and showed good reliability within this sample (α = 0.771 for total scale).
