ECLIPSE was an observational study launched in 200623. It recruited 2,164 COPD subjects, 337 smoking controls, and 245 non-smoking controls. The genotype data with Illumina HumanHap550v3.0 array (~550,000 SNPs) included 1,764 COPD subjects, 217 smoking controls, and 178 non-smoking controls. In TOPMed freeze 6a, WGS was conducted on 1,271 COPD subjects and 190 smoking controls.