Other groups have reported significant associations between measures of cigarette use or nicotine dependence and some CHRN genes. Nicotine dependence was associated with two CHRNA4 SNPs (rs1044396 and rs1044397) in a family-based study of Chinese male smokers (Feng et al., 2004). We tested both of these SNPs and did not replicate the univariate findings, perhaps because of ethnic differences across our samples.
