CNV burden, region-specific analyses, and permutations were performed in PLINK using the rare CNV functions.26 The primary case-control analyses grouped OCD and TS cases versus Hap610 and Hap1M controls to maximize sample sizes. No additional covariates were included, though follow-up analyses were stratified by EU ancestry. To evaluate whether OCD and TS patients harbor large, pathogenic CNVs that have been repeatedly implicated in other neurodevelopmental disorders, we assembled a curated list of CNVs drawn from the ASD, schizophrenia, and ID literature, including 47 regions of interest (all >500kb22,24,27,28; Table S3, available online).
