None of the three models predicted the likelihood of smoking abstinence at week 12 for either chronic smokers (all Ps > 0.50) or depressed smokers (all Ps > 0.30). Because the prediction of treatment outcome (i.e. smoking status) is considered one of the most important tests of validation for measures of tobacco dependence (e.g. [9]), the predictive validities of three alternative measures that have demonstrated significant validity in other studies of tobacco dependence also were examined. These were: FTND scores (e.g. [30,31]), time to first cigarette of the day [32] and cigarettes smoked per day (e.g. [33]).
